Individual vs. Group
As Ludwig von Mises explained in his masterpiece book Human Action, the economy consists of individuals performing actions based on their individual preferences and engage in market exchanges “catallactics” with other individuals. People act to satisfy their needs and the needs of other citizens involved. For example, an employee performs his job to meet the goals set by his employer and to earn compensation. We can understand what happens in the market through analyzing the actions people make and the needs they satisfy. For example, when an entrepreneur starts a business that provides a product or a service that meet a certain need, people who value this need will buy this product or service to meet that need and while doing that they satisfy the entrepreneur’s need to have a successful business. If that business doesn’t satisfy enough customers to generate a profit, the entrepreneur will have to either adapt his business to the market or go out of business freeing his time and resources to work on something else.
Many politicians rely on a different standard in the analysis. They explain everything as a conflict between two groups of people:
- Karl Marx and his followers explain everything through a class struggle between the workers and the business owners, proletariat vs. bourgeois.
- Progressives in the United States explain everything in terms of business exploiting customers and the need for government to protect the customers.
- Race activists explain everything in terms of whites exploiting other races.
Of course, there are business owners that abuse their workers, businesses that cheat their customers and white people who discriminate against minority people. But there are also many business owners that treat their workers very well, many businesses that do everything they can to serve their customers and many people who don’t consider race at all in their actions.
